Close

Homepage

AI SEX SLAVE 🔥

Chat

Trending

Porn videos

Hentai Manga

4Chan

Tags

Video

Erome

Fapello

Favorites

History

RULE34.DEV

dev popular

AI SEX SLAVE 🔥

Booru:

r34
gel
paheal
xb
e621
yan
kona
real
r34us
e6ai
sakuga
xyz
chan
chanidol
world

Browse dev content filtered by Booru: r34. High quality images and videos.

r34
gel
paheal
xb
e621
yan
kona
real
r34us
e6ai
sakuga
xyz
chan
chanidol
world

Order by:

Popular
Great
Amazing
The Best

Browse dev content filtered by Order by: Recent. High quality images and videos.

Popular
score:>3
Great
score:>30
Amazing
score:>300
The Best
days:99999

AI generated:

all
not ai
ai

Browse dev content filtered by AI generated: not ai. High quality images and videos.

all
not ai
ai

File type:

image
video

Browse dev content filtered by File type: all. High quality images and videos.

image
video

3d:

Browse dev content filtered by 3d: all. High quality images and videos.

Rating:

safe
erotic
explicit

Browse dev content filtered by Rating: all. High quality images and videos.

safe
erotic
explicit

medium breasts

Exclude Remove

NOTai generated

Include Remove

Order by:

Popular
Great
Amazing
The Best

Browse dev content filtered by Order by: Recent. High quality images and videos.

Popular
score:>3
Great
score:>30
Amazing
score:>300
The Best
days:99999

1boy 1girls blush breasts choker closed_eyes cure_happy futari_wa_precure_splash_star hoshizora_miyuki karehaan long_hair magical_girl medium_breasts open_mouth pink_choker pink_hair pink_shorts precure pretty_cure shorts smile_precure tears tiara torn_clothes twintails wagashi_(yokotejn)

2girls breast_press from_side honkai:_star_rail large_breasts long_hair medium_breasts pout ruan_mei_(honkai:_star_rail) the_herta_(honkai:_star_rail)

1boy 2girls :3 :d ahoge animal_collar animal_ear_fluff animal_ears anus ass ayunda_risu bald barefoot black_collar blush breasts breasts_apart brown_hair cat_ears cat_girl cat_tail collar commentary completely_nude cowgirl_position crossed_bangs cum cunnilingus double-parted_bangs ejaculation english_commentary erection faceless faceless_male ffm_threesome green_eyes group_sex hair_between_eyes highres hololive hololive_indonesia large_breasts long_hair looking_at_penis looking_down medium_breasts multiple_girls navel nekomata_okayu nipples nonstop_nut_november nude open_mouth oral penis purple_eyes purple_hair short_hair shoulder_blades simple_background sitting_on_face smile squirrel_ears squirrel_girl stomach straddling tail tailjob threesome uncensored virtual_youtuber white_background yuyu5x

absurdres arms_behind_head beach blue_eyes blue_sky breasts completely_nude digimon digimon_(creature) facing_viewer fangs female fox furry furry_female highres jo-vee-al looking_at_viewer medium_breasts nude open_mouth painting_(medium) palm_tree pussy renamon signature sky slit_pupils solo standing tail traditional_media tree water

1boy absurdres animal_ear_fluff animal_ears blush breasts brown_hair cage chest_tattoo closed_mouth collar collarbone commentary completely_nude covering_crotch covering_privates english_commentary female groping highres holding_own_arm long_hair looking_at_viewer medium_breasts messy_hair metal_collar metal_hair_tubes metal_wrist_cuffs mixed-language_commentary nude omukade pov pov_hands raccoon_ears raccoon_girl raphtalia shadow slave slave_brand smile solo_focus tate_no_yuusha_no_nariagari tattoo variant_set

1girls blindfold blue_hair blue_tongue blush blushing_ears breasts dota_2 elf_ears female huge_tongue jamу light-skinned_female light_skin medium_breasts mortimer_(dota) naked nipples nude pink_nipples pussy sitting_on_tongue snapfire spread_legs thighs tongue vagina

ai_assisted brown_hair brown_nipples crotchless cupless_bra dark_penis medium_breasts psycho-pass pussy short_hair tsunemori_akane vagina

1girls 2025 2boys 3d 3d_animation ambush3d anal anal_sex anal_sex animated areola areolae asian asian_female ass balls ballsack black_hair blender blender_(software) blender_cycles bodysuit breasts brown_eyes bubble_ass bubble_butt butt_focus cheeks cock cowgirl_position deepthroat eve_(stellar_blade) face_fucking female female_focus group_sex korean korean_female labia labia_majora labia_minora large_breasts large_cock large_penis legs legs_apart legs_held_open long_hair long_legs male male/female male_penetrating male_penetrating_female medium_breasts moaning multiple_males multiple_penises nipples oral_sex penis ponytail pussy pussy_juice pussy_juice_drip riding riding_penis rolling_eyes semen semen_in_vagina semen_on_lower_body sex skin_tight skinsuit skintight sound sound_effects spread_legs stellar_blade tagme testicles threesome tied_hair tight_clothes tight_clothing vagina vein veins veiny veiny_penis very_long_hair video wet wet_body wet_pussy wet_skin

1girls 2025 2boys 3d 3d_animation 9:16 ambush3d animated areola areolae asian asian_female ass balls ballsack belly black_hair blender blender_(software) blender_cycles bodysuit breasts brown_eyes bubble_ass bubble_butt butt_focus cheeks close-up cock cowgirl_position cum cum_on_breasts cum_on_face eve_(stellar_blade) female female_focus group_sex korean korean_female labia labia_majora labia_minora large_breasts large_cock large_penis legs legs_apart legs_held_open legs_spread long_hair long_legs longer_than_10_seconds male male/female male_penetrating male_penetrating_female medium_breasts moaning multiple_males multiple_penises nipples oral_sex penis ponytail pussy riding riding_penis rolling_eyes semen semen_in_vagina semen_on_lower_body sex shorter_than_30_seconds skin_tight skinsuit skintight sound sound_effects stellar_blade sweat tagme testicles threesome tied_hair tight_clothes tight_clothing vagina vein veins veiny veiny_penis vertical_video very_long_hair video wet wet_body wet_pussy wet_skin

2girls ass black_hair blue_eyes breasts brown_hair cleavage closed_eyes closed_mouth collarbone columbina_(genshin_impact) commentary feathered_wings fishnet_pantyhose fishnets genshin_impact hair_ribbon high_heels highres lace_pantyhose_hooked_on_heel_(meme) large_breasts long_hair long_legs lying medium_breasts meme multicolored_hair multiple_girls multiple_wings nipples on_stomach pantyhose pink_hair ribbon sandrone_(genshin_impact) sidelocks simple_background thighs topless_female underwear white_background white_ribbon wings yuito_0 yuri

1girls black_and_white_hair blindfold breasts cape cosplay female female_focus leotard made_in_abyss maiconsandey medium_breasts nanachi ozen short_hair smile solo_focus thick_thighs thighhighs two-tone_hair yorha_2b_(cosplay)

1girls 2d baldur's_gate baldur's_gate_3 black_hair braid braided_hair breasts_out circlet dippygoob dippygoob elf_female fanart forgotten_realms green_eyes harness looking_to_the_side medium_breasts pointy_ears scar shadowheart smile solo_female standing

1girls 2025 artist_name ass ass_out ayame4mari belt big_ass black_bunny_ears black_clothing black_crop_top black_pants black_stripes blush breasts bunny_ears bunny_veeronica character_name clothed clothed_female clothing crop_top elbow_pads female female_only fingerless_glove forsaken_(roblox) graffiti graffiti_on_wall headphones headphones_around_neck looking_at_viewer looking_to_the_side medium_breasts open_mouth pants_down roblox roblox_game robloxian robot robot_girl showing_ass side_view sideboob simple_background smile smug solo standing striped_glove striped_handwear tail tail_plug thighs tv_head tv_head_robot veeronica white_background white_stripes

anthro anthro_on_anthro anthro_penetrated anthro_penetrating anthro_penetrating_anthro anthro_penetrating_female balls bodily_fluids breasts brown_body brown_fur brown_hair crydogg domestic_cat duo ear_piercing faceless_character faceless_male felid feline felis fellatio female female_focus female_penetrated fur fur_markings genitals green_eyes hair hi_res looking_at_another looking_at_partner male male/female male_penetrating male_penetrating_anthro male_penetrating_female mammal markings medium_breasts multicolored_body multicolored_fur nipples oral oral_penetration penetration penile penis_in_mouth piercing questionable_consent saliva sex short_hair side_view simple_background solo_focus tears tongue

2025 anthro anus arm_markings ass bangs bar_stool barefoot bent_arm bent_leg bent_over big_butt biped black_clothing black_eyebrows black_fingernails black_hair black_lips black_nails black_pubes black_shirt black_text black_toenails black_topwear black_underwear blue_text blush blush_lines blushing_at_viewer bodily_fluids body_blush bottomwear bottomwear_down breasts brown_eyes brown_pupils butt_blush clitoris clothed clothed_anthro clothed_female clothing clothing_aside clothing_pull colored_nails crydogg curled_tail daisy_dukes day denim denim_bottomwear denim_clothing denim_shorts dialogue domestic_pig ear_markings elbow_blush english_text eye_markings eyebrow_through_hair eyebrows eyelashes facial_markings feet female female_anthro fingernails foot_blush furniture genital_fluids genitals grey_bottomwear grey_clothing grey_shorts hair head_markings heart_(marking) hi_res hotpants humanoid_feet humanoid_genitalia humanoid_hands humanoid_vulva inside inviting inviting_to_sex inviting_viewer iris ivy_(plant) knee_blush leaning leaning_forward leaning_on_furniture leg_markings light lighting lips long_hair looking_at_viewer looking_back looking_back_at_viewer mammal markings medium_breasts nails open_mouth open_smile partially_clothed partially_clothed_anthro partially_clothed_female pink_anus pink_blush pink_clitoris pink_inner_ear pink_nose pink_tongue pink_vulva plantigrade portrait presenting presenting_hindquarters pubes pupils seductive shaded shirt short_tail shorts shorts_down smile smiling_at_viewer soles solo speech_bubble stool straight_arm straight_leg suid suine sunlight sus_(pig) tail talking_to_viewer teeth text text_on_clothing text_on_shirt text_on_topwear thick_thighs three-quarter_view tight_clothing tight_shirt tight_topwear toenails toes tongue topwear translucent translucent_hair translucent_speech_bubble underwear underwear_aside underwear_pull vaginal_fluids vulva wall_(structure) white_body white_sclera white_text window

adjusting_eyewear alternate_costume arm_at_side arm_up armpits bare_shoulders bikini black_bikini black_choker black_hair black_jacket blue_hair blue_jacket blush breasts choker cleavage cloud collarbone crossed_legs day eyewear_on_head female front-tie_bikini_top front-tie_top fur-trimmed_jacket fur_trim hair_between_eyes halterneck ichinose_uruha ichinose_uruha_(4th_costume) jacket kushinaka long_hair long_sleeves looking_at_viewer lupinus_virtual_games medium_breasts medium_hair multicolored_hair multicolored_jacket navel off_shoulder official_alternate_hairstyle open_clothes open_jacket open_mouth outdoors purple_eyes sideboob sidelocks sitting sky solo stomach streaked_hair string_bikini sunglasses swimsuit thighs two-tone_jacket virtual_youtuber vspo!

2girls alternate_costume animal_ears assertive_female belle_(zenless_zone_zero) black_bow black_bowtie black_leotard black_pantyhose blue_hair blush bow bowtie breasts cowgirl_position detached_collar fake_animal_ears fake_tail fishnet_pantyhose fishnets green_eyes hair_ornament highres leotard letter_hair_ornament long_hair lying medium_breasts multiple_girls nahaki on_back pantyhose pointy_ears purple_bow purple_bowtie purple_eyes purple_hair rabbit_ears rabbit_tail short_hair sideboob simple_background tail torn_clothes torn_pantyhose vivian_(zenless_zone_zero) vivian_banshee white_background white_leotard wrist_cuffs yuri zenless_zone_zero

1girls anime anime_girl anime_style ass back bed bedroom blush breasts closed_mouth clothing completely_nude cowboy_shot curtains dimples_of_venus eroticgeek2 female female_only forehead_protector from_behind green_eyes hairband half-closed_eyes hand_on_head hand_on_own_head hand_up headband headwear high_resolution indoors konohagakure_symbol lamp large_breasts looking_at_viewer looking_back medium_breasts naruto naruto_shippuden nipples nude one_arm_up pink_hair posterior_cleavage red_hairband red_headband sakura_haruno seductive seductive_smile shiny shiny_skin short_hair smile solo standing

alternate_footwear arm_support belt black_gloves breasts cleavage commentary_request cyborg feet_out_of_frame female fingerless_gloves ghost_in_the_shell ghost_in_the_shell:_stand_alone_complex gloves gun highleg highleg_leotard highres holding holding_gun holding_weapon jacket knee_up kusanagi_motoko leather leather_jacket leotard medium_breasts open_clothes open_jacket outstretched_leg parted_lips purple_hair red_eyes rifle shin_guards shoes short_hair sitting sneakers solo takanashi_ringo thighhighs trigger_discipline weapon white_leotard white_thighhighs

ahoge animal_ear_fluff animal_ears bangs blonde_hair breasts cat_ears cat_tail collarbone eyebrows_visible_through_hair facial_mark female hair_ornament long_hair looking_at_viewer medium_breasts navel nude parkiranhonda solo squchan_(vtuber) tail thighhighs vyugen

4girls 5girls akuma_nihmune animal_ear_fluff animal_ears bangs bao_(vtuber) black_hair blonde_hair blue_hair blush breasts cat_ears cat_tail choker collar collarbone eyebrows_visible_through_hair fellatio filian_(vtuber) fox_ears heart heart-shaped_pupils licking long_hair medium_breasts multicolored_hair multiple_girls navel nipples nude oral parkiranhonda purple_eyes purple_hair red_eyes restrained shylily smile squchan_(vtuber) symbol-shaped_pupils tail tattoo tentacle tentacle_sex vyugen x_hair_ornament yuri

:d animal_ear_fluff animal_ears bangs bare_shoulders black_legwear blush breasts cleavage eyebrows_visible_through_hair female hair_between_eyes hair_ornament hairclip holding light_brown_hair long_sleeves looking_at_viewer medium_breasts oerba_yun_fang off_shoulder open_mouth red_eyes shirt sitting smile solo squchan_(vtuber) tail thighhighs vyugen x_hair_ornament

after_sex ahoge animal_ears black_legwear blonde_hair breasts choker cum cum_in_pussy double_v female hair_ornament hairclip long_hair looking_at_viewer medium_breasts navel nipples nude pussy smile spread_legs squchan_(vtuber) tail toeless_legwear tongue tongue_out v vyugen

absurdres alternate_costume aqua_hair arms_up bandaid bandaid_on_cheek bandaid_on_face bikini black_hair bow_hairband braid breasts brown_eyes cammy_white capcom chun-li curvy dark-skinned_female dark_skin day earbuds earphones female fingerless_gloves from_behind gloves hairband haysey haysey_draws highleg highleg_bikini highres jacket kimberly_jackson lips long_hair looking_at_viewer medium_breasts multicolored_hair multicolored_headband multiple_braids navel official_alternate_costume open_clothes open_jacket outdoors pointing_with_thumb quad_braids shiny_skin smile solo street_fighter street_fighter_6 swimsuit thong thong_bikini two-tone_hair wide_hips yellow_bikini zoom_layer

absurdres ass black_bodysuit bodysuit breasts brown_jacket closed_mouth commentary emma_(pokemon) english_commentary female full_body gradient_hair hair_ornament hair_over_one_eye haysey haysey_draws highres jacket lying matiere_(pokemon) matiere_(pokemon_legends:_z-a) medium_breasts multicolored_hair nintendo on_stomach pokemon pokemon_legends:_z-a purple_eyes purple_hair short_hair smile solo unworn_jacket

ayra_c digital_drawing_(artwork) light-skinned_female medium_breasts milking nonstop_nut_november original original_character the-nick

1girls 3koma absurdres armpits arms_up bare_shoulders barefoot blush bow breasts choker closed_eyes closed_mouth collar collarbone comic completely_nude detached_sleeves dress feet feet_up glitter hair_ribbon heart heart_background henshin highres ichigo_momomiya knees linea_alba looking_at_viewer magical_girl medium_breasts medium_hair mew_ichigo multiple_views navel nipples nude oki_kuro open_mouth outstretched_arms pink_background pink_bow pink_choker pink_collar pink_dress pink_eyes pink_hair pink_ribbon pink_sleeves pink_theme puffy_detached_sleeves puffy_sleeves ribbon smile solo_focus spread_arms standing standing_on_one_leg stomach toenails toes tokyo_mew_mew tokyo_mew_mew_new twintails

1girls ? absurdres aigis_(persona) android artist_name blonde_hair blue_background blue_eyes bow bowtie breasts female grabbing_own_breast highres joints medium_breasts patreon_username persona persona_3 red_bow red_bowtie robot_joints short_hair simple_background smgold solo spoken_question_mark

1girls artist_request ass ass big_ass big_butt blonde_hair bottom_heavy breasts bubble_butt completely_nude completely_nude_female danganronpa danganronpa_2:_goodbye_despair danganronpa_2x2 dat_ass evil_container female female_only hair_accessory hair_ornament hair_ribbon hairclip huge_ass huge_butt large_ass light-skinned_female light_skin medium_breasts naked naked_female nude nude_female onomatopoeia orange_eyes saionji_hiyoko short_hair sideboob simple_coloring solo solo_female standing thick thick_ass thick_thighs three-quarter_portrait tsundere twintails twintails_(hairstyle) viewed_from_side wobble

absurdres aegis_sword_(xenoblade) armor ass back black_gloves breasts feet_out_of_frame female fingerless_gloves from_behind gloves highres impossible_clothes looking_at_viewer looking_back medium_breasts pyra pyra_(xenoblade) red_eyes red_hair red_shorts red_thighhighs short_hair shorts shoulder_armor simple_background solo standing suspender_shorts suspenders suspenders_hanging takahashi_hizumi thighhighs tiara weapon white_background xenoblade_chronicles_(series) xenoblade_chronicles_2

1girls ass blonde_hair blue_eyes breasts el_diario_de_jonathan jayden_murtons light_smile long_hair looking_at_viewer medium_breasts nipples nude petina petoart pink_nipples ponytail pose solo

adler_schwarz arms_behind_back critical_role critical_role:_vox_machina crown cum cum_in_pussy dubious_consent dungeons_and_dragons elf elf_female functionally_nude green_eyes horns keyleth medium_breasts open_mouth pointy_ears red_hair restrained restrained_by_tentacles screaming shoulder_pads stomach_bulge sweat sweating tentacle

1girls absurdres blonde_hair blush breasts burnice_white covered_navel cowboy_shot dark_background dress female ghost ghost_costume ghost_girl_(niyeye2019) ghost_mask ghost_pose halloween halloween_costume highres medium_breasts naked_costume ppangchil sheet_ghost short_twintails solo standing taut_clothes tight_clothes tight_dress twintails white_dress zenless_zone_zero

1girl 1girls android android_girl artllatar barefoot belly_button breasts completely_nude feet feet_focus female female_only foot_fetish green-eyed_female green-haired_female green_eyes green_eyes_female green_hair green_hair_female green_toenails light-skinned_female light_skin looking_at_viewer medium_breasts naked naked_female nipples nude nude_female presenting_pussy pussy qingyi_(zenless_zone_zero) robot_girl sole_female soles solo toes zenless_zone_zero

1girls absurdres belt black_choker black_dress black_hair blueriest bob_cut book breasts brown_eyes chair choker cleavage collarbone commentary desk doctor dress elbow_rest english_commentary english_text female highres holding holding_book jewelry lab_coat looking_at_viewer medium_breasts necklace open_mouth pendant persona persona_5 red_belt red_nails short_dress short_hair sitting solo speech_bubble studded_choker tae_takemi takemi_tae taut_clothes taut_dress thighs v-shaped_eyebrows

blonde_hair breasts dragon_ball dragon_ball_super female green_eyes kefla kefla_(dragon_ball_super) looking_at_viewer medium_breasts muscular_female nekom14 nipples potara_earrings super_saiyan topless

artist_name black_horns black_skirt black_tail black_vest blush breasts bxbyglossie collared_shirt commentary couch demon_girl demon_horns demon_tail english_commentary eyes_visible_through_hair female helltaker highres horns large_breasts looking_to_the_side malina_(helltaker) medium_breasts pantyhose plant planty portrait_(object) red_shirt saintbhqs shirt short_hair sitting skirt skull tail tsundere vest wavy_mouth white_hair

2girls big_ass big_breasts big_penis blonde_hair blowjob boobjob breasts breasts_bigger_than_head bull_pov cum_in_mouth cum_on_body cum_on_breasts cum_on_face dark-skinned_male elvira_(cosplay) facial female flex-jv glasses green_eyes halloween holly_fox_cox light-skinned_female male mavis_dracula_(cosplay) medium_breasts milf multiple_girls nipple_outline original_character pasties pink_nipples pov_male qos queen_of_spades queen_of_spades_symbol red_eyes ruby_makoto short_hair thick_thighs thigh_socks trick_or_treat two_tone_hair veiny_penis voluptuous zstorys22

animated anus ass ass_focus big_ass big_breasts big_butt big_penis blowjob bouncing_ass bouncing_breasts breasts brown_eyes cleavage closed_eyes completely_nude cum cum_in_mouth cum_inside cumdrip darkleo582 deep_blowjob deepthroat doggy_style echidna_(re:zero) faceless_male fellatio female fingering fingering_pussy fingering_self fingers forced_oral hair_between_eyes hanging_breasts head_grab large_ass long_hair male masturbating_during_fellatio masturbation medium_breasts monster_cock muscular muscular_male nipples nude_female open_mouth oral oral_sex penis pussy pussy_juice re:zero_kara_hajimeru_isekai_seikatsu rubbing_pussy sex submissive_female sucking sucking_penis tagme thick_thighs thighhighs thighs throat throat_fuck throat_penetration uncensored very_long_hair white_hair wide_hips

animated anus ass ass_focus big_ass big_breasts big_butt big_penis blowjob bouncing_ass bouncing_breasts breasts brown_eyes cleavage completely_nude darkleo582 deep_blowjob deepthroat doggy_style echidna_(re:zero) faceless_male fellatio female fingering fingering_pussy fingering_self fingers forced_oral hair_between_eyes hanging_breasts head_grab large_ass long_hair male masturbating_during_fellatio masturbation medium_breasts monster_cock muscular muscular_male nipples nude_female open_mouth oral oral_sex penis pussy pussy_juice re:zero_kara_hajimeru_isekai_seikatsu rubbing_pussy sex submissive_female sucking sucking_penis tagme thick_thighs thighhighs thighs throat throat_fuck throat_penetration uncensored very_long_hair white_hair wide_hips

Discover endless adult content at Rule34.dev

Rule34.dev is your ultimate gateway to the world's largest collection of adult anime, manga, and gaming artwork. We aggregate content from dozens of premium sources including Danbooru, Gelbooru, E-Hentai, Sankaku Complex, and many more, bringing you millions of high-quality images and videos in one seamless platform.

Whether you're searching for the latest trending artwork, classic favorites, or discovering new artists, Rule34.dev provides the most comprehensive search experience available. Our advanced filtering system lets you browse by character, series, artist, tags, and quality ratings to find exactly what you're looking for.

From mainstream anime characters to indie game artwork, from professional illustrations to fan creations - we index it all. Our platform supports high-resolution viewing up to 4K quality, with fast loading times and mobile-optimized browsing for the perfect experience across all your devices.

Experience the best adult content aggregation platform

Rule34.dev stands out as the premier destination for adult artwork discovery. Our intelligent aggregation system continuously scans and indexes new content from over 50+ sources, ensuring you never miss the latest uploads from your favorite artists and series.

We support advanced search operators, tag combinations, and filtering options that make finding specific content effortless. Looking foranime girls,video game characters,original characters,furry art,3D renders, orpixel art? Our tagging system covers every category and niche you can imagine.

Join millions of users who trust Rule34.dev for their daily dose of premium adult content. Create an account to save favorites, build custom collections, and get personalized recommendations based on your viewing history and preferences.

Browse Content

Latest Uploads
Trending Now

Rule34.dev - The Ultimate Adult Content Aggregator

© 2025 Rule34.dev. All rights reserved. This site serves as an indexing and aggregation service for adult content from various sources across the internet. We do not host content directly but provide links and previews to original sources.

All indexed content is sourced from publicly available galleries and platforms. Original copyrights belong to respective artists, creators, and source platforms. Rule34.dev operates under fair use principles for indexing and discovery purposes.

18+ ONLY: This website contains explicit adult content and is intended exclusively for users aged 18 years and older. By accessing this site, you confirm that you are of legal age in your jurisdiction and consent to viewing adult material.